|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Review: Diabetes and pregnancy: a review of pathology
Margaret J Evans
Correspondence to: Dr Margaret J Evans Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK, margaret.evans{at}luht.scot.nhs.uk
Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with increased foetal morbidity and mortality. This article describes and reviews specific features of the placenta and the foetal anomalies seen in association with diabetes and briefly considers potential underlying mechanisms.
Key Words: diabetes mellitus foetal anomaly placental pathology umbilical cord coiling
References
- Lucas MJ Diabetes complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2001;28:513-16.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Gugliucci CL, OSullivan MJ, Opperman W. et al. Intensive care of the pregnant diabetic. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;125:435-41.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Campbell IW, Duncan C., Urquhart R., Evans MJ Placental dysfunction and stillbirth in gestational diabetes mellitus. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2009;9:38-40.[Free Full Text]
- Mondestin MAJ, Ananth CV, Smulian JC et al. Birth weight and foetal death in the United States: the effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;187:922-6.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ezimokhai M., Rizk DE, Thomas L. Abnormal vascular coiling of the umbilical cord in gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2001;109:209-14.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Machin GA, Ackermann J., Gilbert-Barness E. et al. Abnormal umbilical cord coiling is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2000;3:462-71.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Strong TH, Jarles DL, Vega JS, Feldman DB The umbilical coiling index. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:29-32.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- De Laat MW, van der Meij JJ, Visser GH et al. Hypercoiling of the umbilical cord and placental maturation defect: associated pathology? Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007;10:293-9.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- De Laat MW, Franx A., Bots ML et al. Umbilical coiling index in normal and complicated pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:1049-55.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ezimokhai M., Rizk DE, Thomas L. Maternal risk factors for abnormal vascular coiling of the umbilical cord. Am J Perinatal 2001; 17:441-5.
- Pietryga M., Biczysko W., Wender-Ozegowska E. et al. Ultrastructural examination of the placenta in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus Ginekol Pol 2004;75:111-8.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hiden U., Lang I., Ghaffari-Tabrizi N., et al. Insulin action on the human Placental Endothelium in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009 Oct 1 [Epub ahead of print].
- Hay WW Jr. Placental-foetal glucose exchange and foetal glucose metabolism. Trans Am Clint Climatol Assoc 2006;117:321-39.
- Miller E., Hare JW Elevated maternal haemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers. N Engl J Med 1981;304:1331-4.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Dheen ST, Tay SS, Boran J. et al. Recent studies on neural tube defects in embryos of diabetic pregnancy: an overview. Curr Med Chem 2009;16:2345-54.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kucera J. Rate and type of congenital anomalies among offspring of diabetic women. J Reprod Med 1971;7:73-82.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hrubec TC, Troops KA, Holladay SD Modulation of diabetes-induced palate defects by maternal immune stimulation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009;292:271-6.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- North AF Jr, Mazumdar S., Logrillo VW Birthweight, gestational age and perinatal deaths in 5,471 infants of diabetic mothers. J Pediatr 1977;90:444-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hultquist GT, Olding LB Endocrine pathology of infants of diabetic mothers: a quantitative morphological analysis including comparison with infants of iso-immunized and non-diabetic mothers. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh) 1981;241:1-202.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Karmon A., Levy A., Holcberg G. et al. Decreased perinatal mortality among women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;104:199-202.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, Vol. 9, No. 5,
201-206 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1474651409344924

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. A Mahmood
Influences of excess adiposity on reproductive function
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease,
September 1, 2009;
9(5):
197 - 199.
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|
|