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The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease
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Reviews

Review: Adipose tissue: passive sump or active pump?

Colin Perry

University Departments of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER

Naveed Sattar

Pathological Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER

John Petrie

University Departments of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G31 2ER, jrp1s{at}clinmed.gla.ac.uk

Recent discoveries suggest that adipose tissue can synthesise and secrete mediators that contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, leading to the concept of `adipose tissue as an endocrine organ'. These mediators include tumour necrosis factor-{alpha}, interleukin-6, adiponectin, resistin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and angiotensin II. They modify the activity of regulatory enzymes in adipocyte metabolism, alter the release of non-esterified fatty acids and affect glucose uptake. They may also have direct actions on the vascular endothelium. The diverse effects of these mediators support the notion that inflammation plays a role in metabolic and vascular disease, at least in part via adipocyte-derived cytokines.

Key Words: adipocytes • cytokines • insulin resistance • non-esterified fatty acids.

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The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, Vol. 1, No. 2, 110-114 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/14746514010010020801
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