This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Day, C. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

The rising tide of type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Group, School of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham, cday{at}mededuk.com Br

The number of people with diabetes is now considered to have reached epidemic proportions. Globally more the 150 million people have diabetes, accounting for more than 2% of the world's population and 3—5% of adults in most westernised societies. The incidence rates of type 1 and particularly type 2 diabetes are increasing in all societies and on all continents. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 95% of all diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent in the elderly and is now emerging in childhood. In developed countries diabetes and its complications constitute the fourth or fifth leading cause of death, and type 2 diabetes reduces remaining lifespan by 5—10 years. Diabetes (all types) is estimated to affect about 2.4 million people (prevalence of 4%) in the UK, of whom 1.4 million (prevalence of 2.5%) are diagnosed and one million undiagnosed. With the global prevalence of diabetes predicted to exceed 220 million by 2010 and 300 million by 2025 there is a major international challenge for optimal intervention and prevention strategies.

Key Words: epidemiology • age • ethnicity • gender • UK prevalence.

References

• Amos AF, McCarty DJ, Zimmet P. The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabet Med 1997;14(Suppl 5):S7-85.
• Gruber W, Leese B, Songer T, Williams R (eds). The economics of diabetes and diabetes care. IDF and WHO 1997; Brussels, Belgium.
• King H., Aubert RE, Herman WH Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21:9.[Abstract]
• Onkano P., Vaananen S., Karvonen M., Tuomilehto J. Worldwide increase in incidence of type 1 diabetes - the analysis of the data on published incidence trends. Diabetologia 1999;42:1395-1403.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Kenny SJ, Aubert RE, Geiss LS Prevalence and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in: Diabetes in America 2nd edition. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, NIH Publication No. 95-1468,1995:47-67.
• Tuomilehto J. Diabetes - a problem for millions of people and their families in the European Union. Diabetologia 1997;40:12-4.[Web of Science]
• Simmons D., Williams DRR, Powell MJ The Coventry diabetes study: prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose. Quart J Med 1991; New Series 81(296):1021-30.
• Ramachandran A., Snehalatha C., Vijay V. Secular trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and IGT in urban southern India. Diabetes 2001;50(Suppl 2):864-P.
• Ming L., Guizhou H., Chimera J. High percentage of undiagnosed diabetes and at-risk individuals in a Chinese population. Diabetes 2001;50(Suppl 2):A2013-PO.
• Jaber LA, Herman WH, Brown MB, Hammad A. Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Arab Americans: preliminary findings. Diabetes 2001;50 (Suppl 2):A869.
• Marks L. Counting the cost: the real impact of non insulin dependent diabetes. Kings Fund. British Diabetic Association, 1996, London pp. 48.
• Williams R., Reiber G. Diabetes prevalence in the UK. Diabet Med 2000;17(Suppl 1):46.
• Gatling W., Houston AC, Hill RD The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a typical English community. J Roy Coll Phys 1985;19:248-50.
• Niel HAW, Gatling W., Mather HM et al. The Oxford community diabetes study: evidence for an increase in the prevalence of known diabetes in Great Britain. Diabet Med 1987;4:539-43.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Mather HM, Keen H. The Southall diabetes survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. BMJ 1985;291:1081-4.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Bennett N., Dodd T., Flatley J., Freeth S., Bolling K. Health survey for England 1993. Social Survey Division of the Office of Population and Censuses and Surveys, HMSO, London, 1995.
• United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group. UK prospective diabetes study IV. Characteristics of newly presenting type 2 diabetic patients: male preponderance and obesity at different ages. Diabet Med 1988;5:154-9.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Fitzgerald MJ, Malins JM, O'Sullivan DJ, Wall M. The effect of sex and parity on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Quart J Med 1961;30:57-70.[Free Full Text]
• Gale EAM, Gillespie KM Diabetes and gender. Diabetologia 2001; 44:3-15.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Boyle DIR, Morris AD, MacDonald TM A record linkage capture-recapture technique to create a diabetes disease register for epidemiological research. http://www.dundee.ac.uk/memo/dougie.htm 1998.
• Diabetes in the United Kingdom - 1996. British Diabetic Association, London. 1995, 48pp.
• Office for National Statistics 2001. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp.
• Forrest RD, Jackson CA, Yudkin JS Glucose intolerance and hypertension in North London: the Islington diabetes survey. Diabet Med 1986;3:338-42.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Croxson SCM, Burden AC, Botha JL The prevalence of diabetes in elderly people. Diabet Med 1991;8:28-31.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Williams DRR, Wareham MJ, Brown DC et al. Undiagnosed glucose intolerance in the community: the Isle of Ely diabetes project. Diabet Med 1995;12:30-35.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Chaturvedi N., McKiegue PM, Marmot G. Resting and ambulatory blood pressure differences in Afro-Caribbeans and Europeans. Hypertension 1993;22:90-96.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• McKeigue PM, Shah B., Marmot MG Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in south Asians. Lancet 1991;337:382-6.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Office for National Statistics 2001. Dataset ST30108 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp.
• Office for National Statistics 2001. Dataset ST31105 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/xsdataset.asp.
• Fagot-Campagna A. Emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: epidemiological evidence. J Paediatr Endocrin Metab 2000;13:1395-1402.
• Lee W. Type 2 diabetes in Asian children. Proc Int Soc Pediatr Adolesc Diab 2000. http://endocrine.medscape.com.
• Chinn S., Rona RJ Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross-sectional studies of British children, 1974-94. BMJ 2001; 322:24-6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Bundred P., Kitchiner D., Buchanan I. Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: population based series of cross sectional studies. BMJ 2001;322:326.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Steinberger J. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in the pediatric patient. Prog Pediatric Cardiol 2001;12:169-75.[CrossRef]
• Etisham S., Barrett TG, Shaw J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in UK children - an emerging problem. Diabet Med 2000;17:867-71.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Ng CYT, Burren CP Type 2 diabetes adolesence - unearthed at the time of registration with the general practitioner (GP). Practical Diabetes International 2000;17:273-4.[CrossRef]
• Drake AJ, Greenhalgh L., Newbury-Ecob R., Crowne EC, Shield JPH. Pancreatic dysfunction in severe obesity. Arch Dis Child 2001;84: 261-2.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, Vol. 1, No. 1, 37-43 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/14746514010010010601


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. M Dodson Diabetic retinopathy: treatment and prevention Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, September 1, 2007; 4(3_suppl): S9 - S11. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. Barter Role of nicotinic acid in raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to reduce cardiovascular risk: an Asian/Pacific consensus: The Pan-Asian Consensus Panel On Hdl-C The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, March 1, 2005; 5(2_suppl): S1 - S15. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. G Buckley, S. N Liversedge, and J. D Dean Diabetes services in primary care: are we prepared for the diabetes NSF? The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, November 1, 2003; 3(6): 418 - 423. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. H Evans, M. Luthra, R. Powell, K. G Sweeney, and D. P. Gray Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in primary care The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, September 1, 2003; 3(5): 342 - 344. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. A Reasner and B. Goke Overcoming the barriers to effective glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, July 1, 2002; 2(4): 290 - 295. [PDF]

				K. Heald, T. Jay, and R. Downing Human islet transplantation: expectation versus reality The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, November 1, 2001; 1(2): 128 - 130. [Abstract] [PDF]

This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Day, C. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?